When speaking about graphene, we have to first state the natural mineral graphite that is widely present in our daily life.

As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a split product, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are organized layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the same layer “hold hands” and are carefully linked, yet the combination of carbon atoms in between various layers is loose, like a stack of playing cards. With a gentle press, the cards will move apart.

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From the viewpoint of chemical structure, graphite is a transitional crystal between atomic crystals, steel crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the exact same layer type covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is connected to 3 various other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms form a regular hexagonal ring on the same airplane, stretching to develop a sheet framework.

If graphite is a pile of playing cards, after that graphene is just one of the cards in this pile of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional product made up of a single layer of carbon atoms. Stacking graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite contains about 3 million layers of graphene.

Although graphene exists in nature, it is hard to peel a solitary layer structure.

More than 20 years earlier, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, scientists at the University of Manchester in the UK, believed that there must be a way to acquire a solitary layer of graphite.

Just how can a solitary layer of graphite be peeled off? Researchers took a really “easy and crude” approach – sticking it with tape.

“Much like when we create a typo theoretically, we will stick the typo with tape.” Based on this, scientists strongly connect that if tape can stick to the surface area of paper, can it additionally adhere to layers of graphite?

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In the experiment, scientists stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to a special tape, and detached the tape, the graphite sheet was divided right into 2. Although the density of graphite currently is still much from that of a single layer of graphite, researchers have confirmed the usefulness of this approach – each time the tape is used, the graphite comes to be thinner. By insisting on utilizing this “mechanical exfoliation method” to repeat the operation, they ultimately acquired a slim sheet consisting of just one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.

Nonetheless, this method of consistently exfoliating graphite sheets with tape to get graphene has reduced manufacturing efficiency and can only be made use of to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.

Later on, with the renovation of clinical and technological degrees, the prep work method of graphene has additionally made wonderful progression. At present, in addition to this conventional physical and mechanical exfoliation approach, there are additionally many techniques for preparing graphene, such as redox approach, solvent peeling approach, chemical vapor deposition, and so on

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